Putin-Xi summit delivers 40 deals and sweeping joint declarations: As it happened

READ MORE: ‘The Difference between the US-Chinese and Russian-Chinese relationships is that we talk about equal stability’ – Sergey Sanakoev

The difference in Russia-China relations and US-China relations is that Moscow and Beijing speak on an equal, stable, and respectful basis, Asia Pacific Research Centre President Sergey Sanakoev told RT’s Rick Sanchez.

By contrast, Washington does not want to negotiate from any position other than strength, he argued.

“It’s against the interests of the US. The US can only insist on hegemonism,” Sanakoev said.

Russia’s alliance with China in the field of technology will help Moscow overcome the artificial and illegal obstacles imposed on it by Western nations, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov told the Shanghai Media Group.

“We are actively pursuing the course of ensuring… our technological sovereignty,” he said.

“Powers and peoples such as Russia and China cannot be enslaved. Yet, in the West, they continue to try to subjugate everyone to their will. We are on the right path.”

The West is increasingly alarmed by Russia and China growing closer, and the cooperation declaration signed by Putin and Xi will raise this concern, Russian International Affairs Council head Ivan Timofeev told RT.

Countries such as Russia, China, India, and Indonesia are naturally drawn to “de-risking” after Western nations “politicized” and “weaponized” international finance and global supply chains, in which they heavily predominate, Timofeev said.

“Russia is under the pressure of the US and the West in general. So it’s natural for Russia to find alternatives.”

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In the declaration, Russia and China announced their intention, and also called on the international community, to follow four core tenets:

1. The principle of openness of the world to inclusive and mutually beneficial cooperation.

2. The principle of indivisible and equal security.

3. The principle of democratization of international relations and improvement of the global governance system.

4. The diversity of world civilizations and values.

The Kremlin has released the full text of the Russia-China joint declaration on the emergence of a multipolar world and a new type of international relations, signed by Putin and Xi in Beijing.

In the document, Moscow and Beijing stated that the global international landscape is moving away from a few major powers towards a “long-term state of polycentricity.”

Both sides called for a new model of international relations based on mutual respect, equality, justice, and mutually beneficial cooperation.

They rejected dividing the world into rival blocs or opposing regions.

The declaration spoke of dangers and challenges to the global agenda of peace and development, warning of the risk of fragmentation and a return to the “law of the jungle.”

Putin has boarded the presidential plane and is en route back to Moscow.

Putin has left the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and is heading to the airport.

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• Russia and China also condemned the recent US-Israeli strikes against Iran as violations of international law that threaten Middle East stability, urging a return to dialogue and diplomacy.
• The two countries pledged stronger Arctic cooperation and criticized what they described as the “militarization” of the region by the US and its allies, insisting that the Arctic should remain a zone of peace and mutually beneficial cooperation.

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• The declaration also called for broader use of national currencies in trade, deeper banking cooperation, and resistance to unilateral sanctions and “discriminatory tariff practices,” while backing the WTO-centered trading system and global supply chains.
• The two countries condemned attempts by unnamed countries to impose “hegemonism” and “unilateralism” on the international order.
• They sharply criticized the US ‘Golden Dome’ missile defense project, warning it could militarize space, undermine strategic stability, and trigger an arms race in space.

The Kremlin has published the full text of the Russia-China joint declaration on comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation signed by Putin and Xi in Beijing. Key points include:

• Russia and China stressed that their partnership is “not directed against third countries,” but is based on mutual respect, sovereign equality, and support for a fair multipolar world order.
• The two sides pledged to deepen military cooperation through expanded joint exercises, air patrols, and naval missions to counter “various challenges and threats” and uphold “global and regional security and stability.”
• Russia and China agreed to intensify cooperation in AI, digital technologies, and cross-border e-commerce, describing AI as a key driver of future economic growth.